Red panda

Ailurus fulgens

Irish Name: Panda rua
IUCN Status: Endangered

Red pandas have a unique reddish-brown coat. They have large round heads, short snouts and big, pointed ears. Their faces are white with reddish-brown ‘tear’ marks from their eyes to the corners of their mouth. They have long, bushy, ringed tails. Contrary to their name, red pandas are not bears and are not even closely related to giant pandas; they are the only member of the Ailuridae family. The word ‘panda’ derives from the meaning ‘bamboo-eater’.

Red panda

Ailurus fulgens

Irish Name: Panda rua
IUCN Status: Endangered

Red pandas have a unique reddish-brown coat. They have large round heads, short snouts and big, pointed ears. Their faces are white with reddish-brown ‘tear’ marks from their eyes to the corners of their mouth. They have long, bushy, ringed tails. Contrary to their name, red pandas are not bears and are not even closely related to giant pandas; they are the only member of the Ailuridae family. The word ‘panda’ derives from the meaning ‘bamboo-eater’.

General Information

Where do they live? (Natural habitat)

Red pandas live in high-altitude bamboo forests in the Himalayas and other high mountains in Nepal, Bhutan, China and small parts of India. They spend most of their time in trees, their semi-retractable claws help them move easily from branch to branch.

How long do they live?

Red pandas live for approximately 10 years in the wild and up to 15 years in zoos.

What do they eat?

Red pandas mainly eat bamboo. However, they do also occasionally eat fruit, insects, flowers, eggs and small lizards.

Group name

Red pandas have no real group name because they are mostly solitary.

Zoo location

Himalayan Hills

Closest related species / sister species

Red pandas belong to their own unique family and are not closely related to any particular species. The family Ailuridae is in the same superfamily as weasels and raccoons.

Animal class

Mammalia

Animal order

Carnivora

Fun facts

Fan favourite

Dublin Zoo asked its visitors which animal was their favourite and guess who came out on top - red pandas!

Head first

Red pandas are one of the few animals on earth that can descend from heights head-first!

Bamboo-eaters

Red pandas can only digest about 24% of the bamboo they eat, meaning they need to eat a lot of it. They also feed selectively on the most nutritious leaf tips and tender shoots in order to maximise the amount of energy they get from it.

Bushy tail

Red pandas use their big bushy tails for balance as they move from branch to branch. They also wrap it around themselves for warmth during the cold winter months.

Pseudo-thumb

They have a modified wrist bone that functions almost like a thumb. This greatly helps them grasp bamboo when feeding.

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Family Life

Red pandas are shy and solitary except when breeding. Females create a nest in trees or bamboo thickets in which their litter is born. The young remain in the nest for about 3 months and stay with their mother until the breeding season starts. Males do not take part in rearing the young.

Baby name

Cub

Gestation (pregnancy) period

Approximately 4.5 months

Number of young at birth

1-4 cubs

Weight at birth

90-100 g

Age at maturity

18 months

Size adult

The head and body are up to 65 cm long, with the tail up to 47 cm long. They weigh up to 7 kg. Males and females are similar sizes.

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Conservation

Endangered

The red panda is classified as Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.

Current population estimate

This has been difficult to measure given the habitats they are found it. It is estimated that there are less than 10,000, and possibly as few as 2,500 remaining in the wild. Population has decreased by about 50% over the last 20 years.

Threats

One of the main threats facing red pandas is habitat loss or fragmentation, which results in the loss of nesting trees and bamboo for eating. They also face the effects of climate change and natural disasters and are hunted for their fur and for capture for the illegal wildlife trade.

What is Dublin Zoo doing?

Dublin Zoo supports the Red Panda Network’s Forest Guardian programme in Nepal. This project operates through local people called forest guardians. Forest guardians monitor red panda populations and their habitat in their local areas and collect information on how people are using the forest. They also raise awareness about red pandas and their threats and are involved with anti-poaching activities.

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Red pandas meets new mate

FAQs

  • Why are red pandas endangered?

    Red pandas face a number of threats including widespread habitat loss or fragmentation, as well as climate change and natural disasters. They are also widely hunted for their fur and for capture for the illegal wildlife trade.

  • What do red pandas eat?

    Red pandas mainly eat bamboo. However, they do also occasionally eat fruit, insects, flowers, eggs and small lizards.

  • Where do red pandas live?

    Red pandas live in high-altitude bamboo forests in the Himalayas and other high mountains in Nepal, Bhutan, China and small parts of India.

  • Are red pandas bears?

    Red pandas are not bears. They belong to their own unique family called Ailuridae.

  • Are red pandas dangerous?

    Despite their mild-mannered appearance, red pandas are highly territorial. If threatened, they defend themselves by standing on their hind legs and using their sharp claws to strike out.

  • How long do red pandas live?

    10 years in the wild and up to 15 years in zoos.

  • How many red pandas are left in the world?

    This has been difficult to measure given the habitats they are found in. It is estimated that there are less than 10,000, and possibly as few as 2,500 remaining in the wild. Population has decreased by about 50% over the last 20 years.

     

  • What family is the red panda in?

    There has been much scientific debate over the classification of red pandas. Red pandas were originally placed in the same family as the raccoon due to having similar skulls, teeth and tails. Later they were assigned to the bear family. Following further genetic research, they are now placed in their own unique family, Ailuridae.

  • How big are red pandas?

    The head and body is up to 65 cm long, with the tail up to 47 cm long. They weigh up to 7 kg.

  • What are red pandas related to?

    Red pandas belong to their own unique family – Ailuridae and are not closely related to any particular species The family Ailuridae is in the same superfamily as weasels and raccoons.

     

  • What sound does a red panda make?

    Red pandas are generally quiet but communicate using squeals and twitters.

  • Are red pandas nocturnal or diurnal?

    Red pandas are mostly nocturnal, but they are very active at dusk and dawn.

  • Are red pandas related to giant pandas?

    Despite sharing a common name, red panda and giant pandas are not closely related. The name ‘panda’ is believed to come from the meaning ‘bamboo-eater’. There has been much scientific debate over the classification of red pandas. Red pandas were originally placed in the same family as the raccoon. Later they were assigned to the bear family, of which the giant panda is a member. Following further genetic research, they are now placed in their own unique family, Ailuridae.

  • Why should we save red pandas?

    There are so many reasons why it is important to save red pandas. They are the only species of their kind, which makes them unique. They are a charismatic and popular species and therefore are considered an umbrella species. This means that because they are so popular, people will often want to help protect them, and protecting them also protects lots of other lesser known plants and animals in the region in which they live.

  • How do red pandas communicate with each other?

    Red pandas are generally quiet but communicate using squeals and twitters. They also communicate using scent marking. This involves urinating or rubbing scent glands located at the base of their tails onto surfaces to pass along information such as readiness to breed. They mark their territory using scent glands located between their footpads.

  • How many babies do red pandas have?

    Red pandas can have between 1 and 4 young, most commonly 1-2.

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